The current toxic political climate in Uganda underscores the urgency of meaningful electoral reforms, particularly as sections of the opposition express frustration at the government’s perceived stalling on essential electoral changes.
While analysts often view opposition anger as a reaction to the government’s perceived inaction, it highlights the need for reforms that would ensure fair and transparent elections.
The Responsibility of Reform
The responsibility for introducing electoral reforms primarily falls on the executive and legislative branches of government.
Historically, the executive has often adopted a long-term perspective regarding these reforms, which has caused delays and dissatisfaction within the opposition.
Past Reforms and Their Impact
The 2016 elections and the subsequent legal challenge by former Prime Minister Amama Mbabazi shed light on the need for electoral reforms.
The Supreme Court recommended that these reforms be implemented within two years of a new parliament taking office to prevent hastily enacted legislation.
However, parliament delayed introducing these reforms until the last minute before the 2021 elections.
Some of the reforms introduced related to the use of technology in managing elections, such as electronic result transmission by returning officers, and extending the period for filing a presidential petition from 10 to 15 days.
These changes aimed to address previous issues identified by the Supreme Court.
Opposition’s Unmet Demands
The opposition has consistently advocated for a genuinely independent electoral commission, appointed through a transparent public vetting process rather than by the sitting president.
Although the term “Independent Electoral Commission” was used in the run-up to the 2021 elections, the opposition contended that the commission’s composition remained largely unchanged, failing to provide the level playing field they had sought.
The Urgent Need for Reforms
The opposition’s skepticism regarding the electoral process is evident in statements by figures like Dr. Kizza Besigye, who has expressed doubts about defeating President Museveni through elections.
The key to translating the large rally attendance into electoral success lies in comprehensive electoral reforms.
Reforms Needed
Crucial electoral reforms are essential to achieving a smooth political transition.
The role of security personnel in elections should be well defined and regulated, and the Electoral Commission should be truly independent with security of tenure.
The process of transmitting election results should be not only electronic but also transparent, as seen in other countries like Kenya.
Moreover, the reform process should also limit the incumbent’s powers concerning certain electoral matters during a campaign.
A past proposal, which suggested that the president temporarily step down during campaigns and hand over control to the Chief Justice, was rejected.
Currently, the political landscape is far from level, with the incumbent enjoying significant power to influence the electoral process, from national security decisions to internet and social media restrictions.
Without meaningful reforms, the situation could deteriorate, prompting political players to seek alternative means to express their frustration, potentially leading to more significant challenges.
Electoral reforms are not just about enhancing the fairness of the elections but are also crucial for maintaining political stability and security in Uganda.